In this article, we will see how to apply the validation styles to the HTML form input using Pseudo Classes.
Before dive into the topic will see about Pseudo Class.
What is Pseudo Classes ?
Pseudo Classes help to select and apply the styles for a particular or group of HTML elements.
Pseudo Class is used to apply the style to the specific element or group of elements.
Pseudo Class also help to ignore the style to the specific or group of HTML elements.
We can use the Pseudo class with CSS Classes.
Pseudo Classes denoted by ( : ) symbol.
If want learn more about selectors
Advance CSS Selector Become Expert in CSS3
Most Useful & Advance CSS3 Pseudo Classes
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Let's See Form Validation Styling Selecors :
1) :optional Selector
: optional selector helps to select and apply the styles to the input form element which do not have the required attribute.
Input filed without required attribute consider as optional.
Note: This :optional selector only works with input, select, and textarea.
Syntax
:optional {
css declarations;
}{codeBox}
Example :
HTML
<input required />
<input />{codeBox}
CSS
input:optional {
background: yellow;
}{codeBox}
Output
2) :read-only Selector
: read-only selector helps to select and apply the styles to the input form element which have the readonly attribute.
Note: This :read-only selector only works with input, select, and textarea.
Syntax
:read-only {
css declarations;
}{codeBox}
Example :
HTML
<input readonly />
<input />{codeBox}
CSS
input:read-only {
background: green;
}{codeBox}
Output
3) :read-write Selector
: read-write selector helps to select and apply the styles to the input form element which do not have the readonly, disabled attribute.
Note: This :read-write selector only works with input, select, and textarea.
Syntax
:read-write {
css declarations;
}{codeBox}
Example :
HTML
<input readonly />
<input />{codeBox}
CSS
input:read-write {
background: orange;
}{codeBox}
Output
4) :valid Selector
: valid selector helps to select and apply the styles to the input form element which have valid value.
Note: This :valid selector only works with form elements like input with min, max attribute and type email with valid email and number type with valid value.
Syntax
:valid {
css declarations;
}{codeBox}
Example :
HTML
<input type="email" value="support@attractiveaurora.com" />
<input type="email" value="www.attractiveaurora.com" />{codeBox}
CSS
input:valid {
background: lightblue;
}{codeBox}
Output
5) :invalid Selector
: invalid selector helps to select and apply the styles to the input form element which have invalid value.
Note: This :invalid selector only works with form elements like input with min, max attribute and type email with invalid value and number type with invalid value.
Syntax
:invalid {
css declarations;
}{codeBox}
Example :
HTML
<input type="email" value="support@attractiveaurora.com" />
<input type="email" value="www.attractiveaurora.com" />{codeBox}
CSS
input:invalid {
background: red;
}{codeBox}
Output
6) :in-range Selector
: in-range selector helps to select and apply the styles to the input element with number type and value should be in in range.
Note: This :in-range selector only works with input element with min, max attribute.
Syntax
:in-range {
css declarations;
}{codeBox}
Example :
HTML
<input type="number" min="1" max="10" value="5" />{codeBox}
CSS
input:in-range {
border : 2px solid green;
}{codeBox}
Output
7) :out-of-range Selector
: out-of-range selector helps to select and apply the styles to the input element with number type and value should be in out of range.
Note: This :out-of-range selector only works with input element with min, max attribute.
Syntax
:out-of-range {
css declarations;
}{codeBox}
Example :
HTML
<input type="number" min="1" max="10" value="15" />{codeBox}
CSS
input:out-of-range {
border : 2px solid red;
}{codeBox}
Output
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